SAP Value Chart
This SAP Value Chart will help you determine the amount of lye to use
when creating your own soap recipes. You MUST calculate the
SAP Value for each oil, butter or other ingredient separately.
We
will continue to
update this SAP Value Chart as new information becomes available.
To
stay
informed use
the
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may want to bookmark this page also). Don't forget
to tell
all your soap making buddies about this page.
Vegetable and nut oils are made of fatty acids which need a certain
amount of alkali (lye) to change them into soap, or saponify
them. I've done my best to put together this SAP value chart
with as many oils, butters, and other ingredients as I can
find. The chart, below, will help you calculate the
saponification value (SAP Value) for the oils you are using, therefore
showing you how much lye to use. Use NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide)
for hard or bar soap and KOH (Potassium Hydroxide) for liquid soap.
Here's the
formula to use when using the SAP Value Chart:
Oil
(in
ounces) x SAP value (from chart below) =
Amount of lye needed (in
ounces)
(Oil multiplied by SAP Value = Lye Needed)
If
you are using more than one type of oil in a single recipe, do the
above step for each oil and total your results together to get the
total amount of lye needed.
Very few of us have a scale that can measure lye in these kinds of
decimal ounces listed on the SAP Value Chart, so round it off to the
nearest .2
of an ounce if you have to. Example: If you are using Sweet
Almond Oil, 10 ounces, you would need 1.37 ounces of lye - round this
to 1.4 ounces. The
BEST option, for PERFECT soap, is to get a scale that will measure the
exact amount.
Let me go into a bit more detail on how to use the SAP Value
Chart. Let's say you are making a soap using two
oils on
this list; Almond, Sweet, and Apricot Kernel. And,
you decide to use 7 ounces of Almond, Sweet and 6 ounces of Apricot
Kernel. Here's what your calculation should like:
Almond
Oil,
Sweet
(7 ounces multiplied by .137 = 0.959)
Apricot Kernel (6 ounces multiplied by .134 = 0.804)
0.959 plus 0.804 = 1.763 total lye (Sodium Hydroxide) needed.
SAP Value Chart
Keep in mind, while looking at another SAP Value Chart on the web
or in books, that there will be slight differences in the numbers.
As the 'science' of soap making expands the numbers will be
adjusted for the mildest outcome possible. For example:
Almond,
Sweet was originally listed as 0.140 in older recipes.
Science
has now helped us adjust the numbers for the best bar of natural soap
possible with a SAP value of .137.
I found
this company during a search for a good supplier of lye.
No matter where you buy your lye
from ALWAYS ask to check the data sheets
and be
sure to read their terms for shipping - because this is a hazardous
matterial
the
shipping of this can be expensive.
When purchasing from Essential Depot most soap makers use
the Food Grade Lye.
SAP
Value
Chart: A-H
Oil,
Butter or Other Ingredient |
NaOH
Sodium Hydroxide
(for
hard soap) |
KOH
(Potassium Hydroxide)
(for
liquid soap) |
Almond Butter, Sweet
(Prunus amygdalus dulcis) |
.098 |
.139 |
Almond Oil, Sweet
(Prunus amygdalus dulcis) |
.137 |
.193 |
Aloe Vera Butter
(Cocos Nucifera
&
Aloe Barbadensis Extract) |
.176 |
.247 |
Aloe Vera Oil
(Aloe Barbadensis) |
.135 |
.191 |
Apricot Kernel Butter
(Prunus armeniacae) |
.097 |
.136 |
Apricot Kernel Oil
(Prunus armeniacae) |
.134 |
.188 |
Arachis Oil
(Arachis hypogaea)
|
.136 |
.191 |
Avocado Butter & Oil
(Persea gratissima) |
.132 |
.186 |
Babassu (Brazil Nut) Oil
(Orbignya oleifera) |
.176 |
.248 |
| Banks Oil |
.132 |
.185 |
Baobab Oil
(Adansonia digitata) |
.143 |
.202 |
| Beef Hoof |
.141 |
.197 |
| Beeswax, White & Yellow |
.067 |
.095 |
Blackcurrant Fruit Oil
(Ribes nigrum) |
.134 |
.188 |
Borage Seed Oil
(Borago officinalis) |
.130 |
.184 |
Brazil Nut Oil
(Orbignya oleifera) |
.176 |
.248 |
| Butterfat, Cow |
.161 |
.226 |
| Butterfat, Goat |
.167 |
.234 |
Camelina Oil
(Camelina sativa) |
.132 |
.186 |
Camellia Seed Oil
(Camellia oleifera) |
.134 |
.189 |
Candelilla Wax
(Euphorbia
antisyphilitica) |
.065 |
.092 |
Canola Oil
(Brassica campestris) |
.123 |
.173 |
Castor Seed Oil
(Ricinus communis) |
.127 |
.179 |
Cherry Kernel Oil
(Prunus avium) |
.135 |
.190 |
| Chicken Fat |
.138 |
.194 |
Chinese Bean Oil
(Vigna sesquipedalis) |
.135 |
.189 |
Cocoa Butter
(Theobroma cacao) |
.136 |
.192 |
Cocoa Oil
(Theobroma cacao) |
.127 |
.179 |
Coconut Oil - All Grades except Virgin
(Cocos nucifera) |
.180 |
.256 |
| Coconut Oil, Fractionated |
.234 |
.329 |
| Cod Liver (Fish) Oil |
.132 |
.185 |
Coffee Seed Oil
(Coffea arabica) |
.130 |
.182 |
Colza Oil
(Brassica campestris,
var. oleifera) |
.124 |
.174 |
Corn Oil
(Zea mays) |
.135 |
.190 |
Cottonseed Oil
(Gossypium hirsutum) |
.137 |
.192 |
Earthnut Oil
(Conopodium majus) |
.136 |
.190 |
| Emu Oil |
.135 |
.191 |
Evening Primrose
(Oenothera biennis) |
.130 |
.184 |
Flaxseed Oil
(Linum usitatissimum) |
.135 |
.189 |
Florence, aka Olive
(Olea europaea) |
.133 |
.188 |
| Gigely Tree, aka Olive |
.133 |
.188 |
| Goose Fat |
.136 |
.191 |
Grapeseed Oil
(Vitis vinifera) |
.134 |
.188 |
Hazelnut Oil
(Corylus americana) |
.135 |
.189 |
Hemp Seed Butter & Oil
(Cannabis sativa) |
.134 |
.190 |
| Herring / Fish Oil |
.136 |
.190 |
SAP
Value
Chart: I-P
Oil,
Butter or Other Ingredient |
NaOH
Sodium Hydroxide
(for
hard soap) |
KOH
(Potassium Hydroxide)
(for
liquid soap) |
Illipe Butter
(Shorea stenoptera) |
.136 |
.192 |
Java Cotton Oil
(Ceiba pentandra) |
.137 |
.192 |
Jojoba Seed Oil, Clear
(Simmondsia chinensis) |
.064 |
.090 |
Jojoba Seed Oil, Natural - All Grades
(Simmondsia chinensis) |
.065 |
.091 |
Kapok (a.k.a. Java Cotten) Oil
(Ceiba pentandra) |
.137 |
.192 |
Karite Butter (Shea)
(Butyrospermum parkii) |
.126 |
.178 |
| Katchung Oil |
.136 |
.190 |
Kokum Butter
(Garcinia indica) |
.134 |
.188 |
Kukui Nut Oil
(Aleurites moluccana) |
.135 |
.191 |
| Lanolin |
.074 |
.103 |
| Lard |
.138 |
.193 |
Linseed Oil
(Linum usitatissimum) |
.135 |
.189 |
| Loccu |
.134 |
.187 |
Macadamia Nut Oil
(Macadamia ternifolia) |
.137 |
.193 |
Maize (Corn) Oil
(Zea mays) |
.136 |
.190 |
Mango Butter
(Mangifera indica) |
.134 |
.189 |
Mango Oil (Olein)
(Mangifera indica) |
.132 |
.186 |
Manketti Oil
(Ricinodendron rautanenii) |
.148 |
.208 |
| Margarine |
.136 |
.190 |
Marula Kernel Oil
(Sclerocarya birrea) |
.135 |
.190 |
Meadowform Oil
(Limnanthes alba) |
.119 |
.167 |
| Mink Oil |
.140 |
.196 |
Monoi de Tahiti Oil
(Cocos nucifera
(coconut) and Gardenia
tahitensis) |
.178 |
.252 |
Moringa Oil
(Moringa oleifera) |
.136 |
.191 |
Morrhua (Fish) Oil
aka Cod Liver Oil |
.132 |
.185 |
Mustard Seed Oil
(Brassica campestris) |
.124 |
.173 |
| Neat's (Neet's) Foot |
.141 |
.197 |
Neem Oil
(Azadirachtin indica) |
.134 |
.188 |
Nutmeg Butter
(Myristic fragrans) |
.117 |
.165 |
| Olium Olivate |
.134 |
.187 |
Olive Butter
(Olea europaea) |
.088 |
.124 |
Olive Oil - All Grades
(Olea europaea) |
.133 |
.188 |
| Palm Butter |
.155 |
.218 |
Palm Kernel Oil
(Elaeis guineensis) |
.156 |
.218 |
Palm Oil
(Elaeis guineensis) |
.139 |
.195 |
| Palm, Stearic |
.141 |
.197 |
Papaya Oil
(Carica papaya) |
.135 |
.190 |
Passionfruit Oil
(Passiflora incarnata) |
.129 |
.181 |
Peanut Oil
(Arachis hypogea) |
.136 |
.190 |
Perilla Oil
(Perilla ocymoides) |
.136 |
.191 |
Pomace Olive Oil
(Olea europaea) |
.133 |
.188 |
Poppy Seed Oil
(Papaver somniferum) |
.136 |
.192 |
Pumpkin Seed Oil
(Cucurbita pepo) |
.134 |
.189 |
SAP
Value
Chart: Q-Z
Oil,
Butter or Other Ingredient |
NaOH
Sodium Hydroxide
(for
hard soap) |
KOH
(Potassium Hydroxide)
(for
liquid soap) |
| Ramic Oil |
.128 |
.174 |
Rapeseed Oil aka Canola Oil
(Brassica napus) |
.124 |
.175 |
Rice Bran Oil
(Oryza sativa) |
.129 |
.181 |
Ricinus Oil aka Caster Oil
(Ricinus communis) |
.128 |
.180 |
Rosehip Seed Oil
(Rosa canina) |
.133 |
.187 |
Safflower Oil, High Linoleic
(Carthamus tinctorius) |
.135 |
.190 |
Sal Butter
(Shorea robusta) |
.130 |
.183 |
| Sardine (Fish) Oil |
.135 |
.189 |
Seabuckthorn Oil
(Hippophae rhamnoides) |
.116 |
.163 |
Sesame Seed Oil
(Sesamum indicum) |
.135 |
.191 |
Shea Fruit Butter
(Butyrospermum parkii) |
.126 |
.178 |
Shea Seed Oil
(Butyrospermum parkii) |
.128 |
.181 |
| Shortening (veg.) |
.136 |
.190 |
Soybean Oil - All Grades
(Glycine soja) |
.134 |
.188 |
Sunflower Seed Oil
(Helianthus annuus) |
.134 |
.189 |
| Sweet Oil |
.134 |
.187 |
Tamanu (Foraha) Oil
(Calophyllum inophyllum) |
.148 |
.208 |
| Tallow, Bear |
.139 |
.194 |
| Tallow, Beef |
.140 |
.196 |
| Tallow, Chinese Vegetable |
.134 |
.188 |
| Tallow, Deer |
.139 |
.195 |
| Tallow, Goat |
.139 |
.195 |
| Tallow, Mutton |
.138 |
.193 |
| Tallow, Sheep |
.138 |
.193 |
| Teal / Teel / Til |
.133 |
.186 |
Theobroma Butter aka Cocoa Butter
(Theobroma cacao) |
.136 |
.192 |
Tung Oil
(Vernicia fordii) |
.137 |
.192 |
Turkey Red Castor Oil
Sulfated (Ricinus
communis) |
.127 |
.178 |
Virgin Coconut Cream Oil
(Cocos nucifera) |
.178 |
.252 |
Walnut Oil
(Juglans regia) |
.136 |
.192 |
Watermelon Seed Oil
(Citrullus vulgaris) |
.135 |
.190 |
Wheatgerm Oil
(Triticum vilgare) |
.135 |
.190 |
Yangu (Cape Chestnut) Oil
(Calodendrum capense) |
.135 |
.190 |
Original
Text
Copyright © 2004, by Sandy Marie deFerbrache, Second
Printing 2007, Web Site Adaptation 2009. Original Photographs
Copyright © 2004, by Sandy Marie deFerbrache, New Photographs
2007. All Rights Reserved.
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